Multiplication is a basic math operation we all learn early, but when it comes to integers (those tricky positive and negative numbers), things can get a little confusing—especially for young learners. This guide will help you (or your child!) understand the multiplication of integers in the simplest way possible.
What Does Multiplication Mean?
Multiplication is just a faster way to do repeated addition.
For example:3 × 4 means 3 added four times → 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 = 12
Simple, right?
Now Comes the Fun Part – Integer Multiplication Rules!
Let’s break it down using real-life examples and logic.
1. Positive × Positive = Positive
Just like regular multiplication.
Example: 3 × 4 = 12
Imagine you earned ₹3 every day for 4 days. You have ₹12!
2. Negative × Positive = Negative
Example: -3 × 4 = -12
This is like losing ₹3 every day for 4 days. You’re down ₹12.
3. Positive × Negative = Negative
Example: 3 × -4 = -12
You planned to gain ₹3 each day, but instead, you’re losing it over 4 days. Still a ₹12 loss!
4. Negative × Negative = Positive
This one surprises most kids!
Example: -3 × -4 = +12
Imagine taking away a loss (like cancelling a fine or a debt) – that’s a gain. So two negatives make a positive.
A simple trick:
“Same signs give Positive, Different signs give Negative.”
1️⃣ Multiply the two numbers as usual.
2️⃣ Count the number of negative signs (–). - If the number of (–) signs is **odd**, the result is **negative (–)** - If the number of (–) signs is **even**, the result is **positive (+)**
✅ Example 1: (–3) × (–2) = +6 → 2 negative signs → even → positive result
✅ Example 2: (–3) × 2 = –6 → 1 negative sign → odd → negative result
Multiply the two numbers normally.
➖ If the number of (–) signs is odd, the answer is negative.
➕ If the number of (–) signs is even, the answer is positive.