Python is a beginner-friendly and versatile programming language. Whether you’re just starting out or refreshing your knowledge, this guide will help you understand the building blocks of Python programming.
1. Keywords
Keywords are reserved words in Python that have specific meanings and uses. You cannot use them as identifiers (e.g., variable names). Python has 35+ keywords, such as:
You can view all keywords using:
2. Identifiers
Identifiers are names you assign to variables, functions, or classes. They must follow these rules:
- Must start with a letter (A-Z or a-z) or an underscore (_).
- Cannot start with a digit (e.g.,
1variableis invalid). - Can include letters, digits, and underscores.
- Cannot be a keyword.
Examples:
3. Variables
Variables are used to store data values. Python variables do not require explicit declaration of their data types. You just assign a value to a variable using the = operator.
Examples:
Rules for Variables:
- Case-sensitive:
Ageandageare different variables. - Can be reassigned to store different data types (dynamic typing).
4. Data Types
Python supports several built-in data types. Here are the main ones:
a. Numeric Types
int: Whole numbers (e.g., 5, -20).float: Numbers with decimals (e.g., 3.14, -0.5).complex: Complex numbers (e.g.,3+4j).
Example:
b. String Type
A sequence of characters enclosed in single, double, or triple quotes.
c. Boolean Type
Stores True or False values.
d. Sequence Types
5. Operators
Python provides operators to perform operations on variables and values. Here’s a breakdown:
a. Arithmetic Operators
Used for mathematical operations:
b. Comparison Operators
Compare two values and return True or False:
c. Logical Operators
Used to combine conditional statements:
d. Assignment Operators
Used to assign values to variables:
e. Membership Operators
Check for membership in a sequence:
f. Identity Operators
Compare memory locations:
6. Expressions
An expression is a combination of values, variables, and operators that Python evaluates to produce a result.
Examples:
Conclusion
In this tutorial, we’ve covered Python’s foundational elements: keywords, identifiers, variables, data types, operators, and expressions. Mastering these basics is crucial for diving deeper into Python programming. Start practicing these concepts to build a solid foundation, and stay tuned for more advanced Python topics.
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